The main game-changing feature of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in the contemporary global economy lies in its direct and proportional contribution to national economic performance. AI has evolved from being a technological innovation into a strategic driver of productivity, competitiveness, and structural transformation. The aim of this study is to benchmark Russia’s position in the global race to develop an artificial intelligence (AI)-driven economic model against the performance of its two principal competitors, the United States and China. By conducting a comparative analysis based on multidimensional indica-tors such as patent generation, investment volume, legal frameworks, the emergence of AI-focused enterprises, funding mechanisms, and institutional readiness, the study seeks to identify Russia’s relative strengths and weaknesses within the evolving landscape of AI-driven economic competitiveness. In this regard, the study employs a benchmarking analysis model. Within the scope of the analysis, the artificial intelligence performance of the sample countries is compared using their scores on indices such as the International Monetary Fund (IMF)-based AI Preparedness Index (AIPI), the Stanford University-based AI Index Report (AIIR), and the Oxford-based Government AI Readiness Index, through Benchmark Model. Within the scope of the model, the rankings in the indices are analysed using the TOPSIS approach in ‘R’. According to the test results, it has been determined that Russia (C* = 0.170) performs very poorly both in terms of AI-related investment capacity and institutional infrastructure, positioning itself significantly behind the United States and China in the global AI economy. This outcome indicates that Russia’s current AI ecosystem lacks the necessary financial resources, policy coherence, and innovation-oriented institutions required to sustain technological competitiveness.

This study examines post–Cold War Türkiye–Russia relations through the lenses of security and economy. The study seeks to provide an assessment by addressing the questions of what the conflicting areas of interest between the two actors have been in the post–Cold War period and how the elements enabling continuity in bilateral relations have been shaped. The findings reveal that despite disagreements and diverging interests in security and geopolitical issues, economic relations play a decisive role in sustaining bilateral ties without a complete rupture. Türkiye and Russia have divergent interests and disagreements in multiple areas, including Syria, the Caucasus, Chechnya, and Ukraine, as well as regarding the PKK issue. For instance, the Russia–Ukraine War has simultaneously brought to light both tension and flexibility in Türkiye–Russia relations. Throughout the war, Türkiye has maintained its NATO membership while refraining from joining Western sanctions against Russia, while preserving its diplomatic and economic relations with Moscow. Economic issues—most notably energy, along with tourism, contracting activities, and the procurement of the S-400 air defense systems—serve to draw the two actors closer. The study is based on a qualitative research design and employs a literature review method. Within the scope of the analysis, academic studies, think-tank reports, and official documents are examined together. The findings indicate that geopolitical divergences and security-based tensions in Türkiye–Russia relations are mitigated through economic cooperation in areas such as energy, tourism, contracting, and defense. Ultimately, the study emphasizes that politics, security, and economy are not mutually exclusive domains but interconnected components that evolve through mutual interaction and enable continuity in bilateral relations.

Hacıtuğrul Mound, located within the boundaries of Polatlı district in Ankara province, is one of the largest mounds in Anatolia with an area of 32 hectares. Approximately 30 km from the ancient city of Gordion, Hacıtuğrul Höyük is also known as Karahöyük or Yenidoğan. The first excavations at Hacıtuğrul Höyük were conducted by the Museum of Anatolian Civilizations between 1972 and 1979. These excavations revealed that Hacıtuğrul Mound was a well-fortified Phrygian settlement. Based on the findings, it is estimated that Hacıtuğrul Mound is contemporary with the ancient city of Gordion, dates back to the 7th-6th centuries BC, and is most likely an extension of the Phrygian settlement in Gordion. Following the excavations at Hacıtuğrul Höyük between 1972 and 1979, no further work was carried out except for a season of excavations conducted by the Museum of Anatolian Civilizations in 1996. Excavations resumed in 2022, and many small finds from previous excavations were re-evaluated. These finds, consisting of ceramic vessels, ceramic vessel fragments, beaded necklaces, and weights, date from the 11th century BC to the 5th century BC. Furthermore, the presence of high-quality cult vessels suggests that the Hacıtuğrul Höyük settlement may have been a cult center. Looking at the finds from Hacıtuğrul Höyük in general, it is seen that there is a high concentration of Phrygian period ceramics. Research shows that Hacıtuğrul Höyük is quite rich in finds, containing high-quality and imported items. Excavations to be carried out at the site will provide a better understanding of Hacıtuğrul Höyük as an important Phrygian city.

The purpose of this study is to investigate the mediating role of personality traits in the relationship between emotional availability perceived from parents and psychological resilience levels of adult individuals. In this context, the study analyzes the effect of how emotionally available and supportive individuals perceive their parents on their ability to exhibit resilience and adaptability in the face of life's challenging circumstances. The research aims to make a unique contribution to literature by addressing the developmental foundations of psychological resilience in the context of parental emotional availability and testing the mediating mechanism of personality traits in this relationship. The sample of the study consists of 400 adult individuals aged between 18–60 years. The data collection process involved the Demographic Information Form, the Big Five Personality Inventory, the Parental Emotional Availability Scale, and the Adult Psychological Resilience Scale. The obtained data were analyzed using IBM SPSS Statistics 27 and the PROCESS Macro extension. The demographic characteristics of the participants were calculated using descriptive statistics. The results of the analysis showed that parental emotional availability positively and significantly predicted adult psychological resilience. Additionally, mediation analyses revealed that the relationship was indirectly explained through the personality traits of Conscientiousness, Extraversion, Openness to Experience, and Agreeableness. In contrast, the Neuroticism dimension did not play a significant mediating role in this relationship. These findings indicate that the effect of parental emotional availability on psychological resilience occurs both directly and indirectly through certain personality traits.

Turkish theatre acquired both a literary and social form during the period spanning from the Tanzimat to the Second Constitutional Era. The construction of theatre buildings and the arrival of European theatre companies in Istanbul during this period made significant contributions to the institutionalisation of theatre and the Turkish audience's introduction to this art form. As a result of Sultan Abdülmecid's interest in theatre arts, the construction of theatre buildings and incentives for writing plays in Turkish, the first example of modern theatre in Turkish literature emerged; subsequently, with the translations that followed, theatre entered a process of literary and cultural development. Memoirs reveal many elements, such as the formation of theatre institutions, stage practices, acting approaches, censorship, audience profiles, and cultural transformations, through subjective but vivid testimonies that go beyond official documents. Memoirs examine the aesthetic and institutional changes theatre underwent during the period from the Tanzimat to the Republic within the context of the intellectual climate of the time. This study focuses on theatre writings in memoirs; literary texts and stage practice or collaborations are analysed through these testimonies. Based on literary memoirs covering the period 1860-1918, they are considered fundamental sources that fill the gaps in Turkish theatre history, reveal what goes on behind the scenes, and complement official historical narratives.

The aim of this study is to develop a valid and reliable measurement instrument to determine secondary school students’ levels of trust and participation toward the Religious Culture and Moral Knowledge (RCMK) course. The research was designed as a scale development study based on the quantitative research method within the descriptive survey model. The study group consisted of a total of 691 twelfth-grade students studying in public schools affiliated with the Ministry of National Education in Istanbul. During the scale development process, Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) and Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) were conducted on different sample groups. The analyses revealed that the scale has a single-factor structure, explaining 62.319% of the total variance. The factor loadings of the items ranged between .738 and .845. The results of the confirmatory factor analysis indicated that the model demonstrated acceptable and good fit indices (χ²/df = 3.139; RMSEA = .077; CFI = .965; SRMR = .036). In order to determine the criterion validity of the scale, a correlation analysis was conducted with the Intrinsic Religious Motivation Scale, which revealed a positive and significant relationship between the two scales (r = .680; p < .01). As a result of the reliability analyses, the Cronbach’s alpha internal consistency coefficient of the scale was calculated as .944, and the split-half reliability coefficients were also found to be high. The findings indicate that the Trust and Participation Scale for the RCMK Course is a valid and reliable instrument for measuring high school students’ levels of trust and participation in the course. It is expected that the developed scale will contribute to understanding the affective dimension of learning processes related to the RCMK course and support educational practices.